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Birmingham riot of 1963
The Birmingham riot of 1963 was a civil disorder in Birmingham, Alabama, that was provoked by bombings on the night of May 11, 1963. The bombings targeted leaders of the Birmingham campaign, a mass protest for racial justice. Their targets were a motel owned by A. G. Gaston and the parsonage of Rev. A. D. King, brother of Martin Luther King, Jr. The bombings were probably planned and carried out by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
The attacks triggered riots by nearby blacks, who met with repression from the Birmingham Police Department. The situation provoked a controversial military response from the United States federal government, and was a pivotal event in President Kennedy's decision to propose legislation which became the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
== Background ==
On May 10, negotiators for the city, local businesses, and the campaigners finalized and announced the "Birmingham Truce Agreement". The agreement included partial desegregation (of fitting rooms, water fountains, and lunch counters), promises of economic advancement for black workers, release for arrestees, and the formation of a Committee on Racial Problems and Employment. In an afternoon press conference at the Gaston Motel, Shuttlesworth read a version of the agreement. King declared a "great victory" and prepared to leave town.〔Bernstein, ''Promises Kept'' (1991), p. 92.〕 White leaders including the city's Commissioner of Public Safety Bull Connor denounced the agreement and suggested that they might not enforce its provisions.〔Bernstein, ''Promises Kept'' (1991), pp. 92–93.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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